Cholecystectomy reduces subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk in choledocholithiasis patients undergoing endoscopic intervention

BACKGROUNDCholangiocarcinoma is a disease with a high mortality rate. Our previous study revealed that cholelithiasis patients who undergo endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES)/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation are at a higher risk for subsequent cholangiocarcinoma than cholelithiasis patients who undergo cholecystectomy.AIMTo clarify the relationship between recurrent biliary events and subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk in choledocholithiasis patients.METHODSFrom one million random cases in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database 2004–2011, we selected symptomatic choledocholithiasis patients older than 18 years who were admitted from January 2005 to December 2009 (study group). Cases for a control group were defined as individuals who had never been diagnosed with cholelithiasis, matched by sex and age in a 1:3 ratio. The study group was further divided into ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation, both ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation and cholecystectomy, and no intervention groups.RESULTSWe included 2096 choledocholithiasis patients without previous intervention or cholangiocarcinoma. A total of 12 (2.35%), 11 (0.74%), and 1 (1.00%) subsequent cholangiocarcinoma cases were diagnosed among 511 ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation patients, 1485 patients with no intervention, and 100 ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation and cholecystectomy patients, respectively. The incidence rates of recurrent biliary event were 527.79/1000 person-years and 286.69/1000 person-years in the subsequent cholangiocarcinoma and no cholangiocarcinoma group, showing a high correlation between subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk and recurrent biliary events.CONCLUSIONCholedocholithiasis patients who undergo further cholecystectomy after ES/endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation have decreased subsequent cholangiocarcinoma risk due to reduced recurrent biliary events.     

腹腔镜肝切除术中副损伤预防及处理

随着腹腔镜肝切除术在国内开展，腹腔镜肝切除术的手术适应证和手术范围在逐渐扩大，外科医生在手术操作过程中的意外和手术风险也逐渐提高。腹腔镜肝切除术中副损伤主要包括胆管损伤、术中出血、膈肌损伤、气体栓塞等。当在术中发生意外损伤时，应立即正确辨别出损伤类型，并迅速采取对应的处理策略，及时处理损伤，避免造成更严重的后果。同时，在术中合理使用吲哚菁绿（ICG）荧光染色及实时超声等辅助技术，可减少术中副损伤的发生。     

Prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory markers in resectable biliary tract cancer – Validation and comparison of the Glasgow Prognostic Score and Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in a Western cohort

IntroductionEstablished preoperative prognostic factors for risk stratification of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) are lacking. A prognostic value of the inflammation-based Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) in BTC has been indicated in several Eastern cohorts. We sought to validate and compare the prognostic value of the GPS and the mGPS for overall survival (OS), in a large Western cohort of patients with BTC.Material and methodsWe performed a retrospective single-center study for the period 2009 until 2017. 216 consecutive patients that underwent surgical exploration with a diagnosis of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), or gallbladder cancer (GBC) were assessed. GPS and mGPS were calculated where both CRP and albumin were measured pre-operatively (n = 168/216). Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimate and uni-/multivariate Cox regression.ResultsGPS and mGPS were negatively associated with survival (p < 0.001/p < 0.001), and the association was significant in all three subgroups. GPS, but not the mGPS, identified an intermediate risk group: with GPS = 1 having better OS than GPS = 2 (p = 0.003), but worse OS than GPS = 0 (p = 0.008). In multivariate analyses of resected patients, GPS (p = 0.001) and mGPS (p = 0.03) remained significant predictors of survival, independent of postoperatively available risk factors.ConclusionsPreoperative GPS and mGPS are independent prognostic factors in BTC. The association to OS was shown in all patients undergoing exploration, in resected patients only, and in both cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Furthermore, GPS – which weights hypoalbuminemia higher – could identify an intermediate risk group.     

重症监护病房患者导尿管相关尿路感染风险评分系统的建立与验证

目的建立并验证重症监护病房(ICU)患者导尿管相关尿路感染(CAUTI)风险评分系统,为ICU降低CAUTI的发生率提供依据。方法对常州市第一人民医院ICU在2017年1月-2018年12月期间1026例留置导尿管患者进行CAUTI目标性监测,利用1∶1简单化随机方法分为模型组和验证组,各513例。根据模型组数据筛选出CAUTI影响因素,建立风险评分系统应用于验证组,计算验证组中每例患者的风险评分。采用模型组和验证组数据建立受试者工作特征曲线图(ROC),根据ROC曲线下面积判断该风险评分系统建立的有效性。结果本研究期间患者发生CAUTI 44例,千日感染率为3.99‰。ICU住院时间、插管日数、未正确固定尿管、未规范执行手卫生是模型组导尿管插管患者CAUTI发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。利用此结果建立CAUTI风险评分系统,发现验证组中的高、中、低风险得分患者CAUTI发生率的差异有统计学意义,得分越高者患CAUTI的风险更高。最终利用该评分系统对模型组及验证组患者绘制ROC曲线,发现二者ROC曲线下面积均接近1,且差异无统计学意义,再次说明该评分系统具有较好的预测效果。结论建立CAUTI风险评分系统,采取针对性的早期干预可降低CAUTI的发生率,为患者提供最优经验治疗。     

介入治疗在胆源性胰腺炎诊治中应用价值及评价

随着对于疾病的不断认识及微创治疗技术的蓬勃发展，利用影像引导的介入治疗手段可以对急性胆源性胰腺炎（ABP）及其并发症进行治疗。利用经皮经肝胆囊及胆管穿刺［经皮经肝胆囊穿刺引流（PTGD）及经皮经肝穿刺胆道引流（PTCD）］可快速缓解胆道压力，引流胆汁，改善症状。利用经皮穿刺置管引流（PCD）可对包裹性坏死灶（WON）进行引流。血管造影及栓塞术可以处理出血性并发症。影像引导下放置营养管早期给予肠内营养（EN）支持也成为治疗的关键环节之一。     

Utility of rotational thromboelastometry in total hip replacement revision surgery (case-control study)

Total hip replacement revision surgery is accompanied by significant blood loss. Using rotational thrombelastometry (ROTEM) perioperatively to diagnose coagulopathy may help to provide rapid aimed therapy and thus decrease blood loss and the consumption of transfusion products. The aim of this case-control study was to find out whether point of care using of ROTEM may reduce blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products in hip replacement revision surgery.Data were prospectively collected from patients who underwent hip replacement revision surgery in the period 2017 to 2018 when the management of bleeding and coagulopathy was based on the results of ROTEM. Data were compared with a group of historical controls for the period 2015 to 2016 when bleeding and coagulopathy management was not based on ROTEM results. The consumption of blood transfusion products and perioperative blood loss were compared between the groups.The total number of analyzed patients was 90. Forty five patients were analyzed in the ROTEM group and the same number of patients were analyzed in the non-ROTEM group. Significantly decreased perioperative consumption of fresh frozen plasma and packed red blood cells was found in the ROTEM, as well as decreased perioperative blood loss comparing to non-ROTEM group. All data were statistically different with P < .05.Perioperative management of bleeding and coagulopathy based on the results of ROTEM during hip replacement revision surgery seems to help to decrease perioperative blood loss and the consumption of blood transfusion products, especially fresh frozen plasma.